"SURAH AARAF AYAT NO. 204 ME HAI KE:
"Quran padha ja raha ho to khamosh raho aur suno."
JAWAAB:
DARASAL is qirat se murad asal aam qirat hai surah fatiha nahi, aam qirat ka aur hukm hai aur surah fatiha ka aur hukm hai.
MISAAL NO. 1:
jistarah surah juma ayat no. 9 me hai ke:
JAB JUMA KE LIYE AZAN DI JAYE TO NAMAZ KI TARAF DAUDO:
yahan par is AAM HUKM SE BEEMAR, BACHHA, AURAT AUR GHULAM MUSTASHNA HAI AUR EK RIWAYAT ME MUSAFIR KA BHI ZIKR HAI. JIS TARAH TAMMA MOMINO SE YE 4 QISM KE LOG KHARIJ HOGAY JUMA PADHNE SE. ISI TARAH RASUL SAW NE AAM QIRAT SE SURAH FATIHA KO ALAG KAR DIYA:
MISAAL NO. 2 ALLAH NE har insan ko ek mard aur aurat se paida karne ka usoo banaya hai lekin EESA ALAIHIS SALAM KO BEGAIR BAAP KE PAIDA KARKE IS USOOL SE MUSTASHNA QARAR DIYA HAI. ISI TARAH SURAH FATIHA KO AAM QIRAT SE ALAG KAR DIYA GAYA HAI. QYUNKI UBADA BIN SAMAT RZ AUR HAZRAT ABU HURAIRA RZ SAHABI SE IMAM KE PEECHE SURAH FATIHA PADHNE KA SABOOT MILTA HAI.
IMAM KE PEECHE SURAH FATIHA PADHNE KE DALAAIL AHADEES SE SABOOT:
1.Sayadna Ubada bin samat raz rawi hai ke rasul saw ne farmaya jo shaks surah fatiha na padhe iski namaz nahi.
[Bukhari, Hadis 756, Muslim 874]
2.Umada bin samat se hi riwayat hai ke rasul saw ne farmaya is shaks ki namaz nahi jo ummul quran ki qirat na kare.
[Muslim H. 875]
AUR imam mahmood bin rabee farmate hain ke mujhe sayadna ubada bin samat rz ne khabar di hai ke rasul saw ka irshad hai jo shaks ummul quran ki qirat na kare iski namaz nahi.
[Muslim 876]
3.Sayadna ubada bin samat rz Nabi saw se riwayat karte hain ke namaz nahi magar surah fatiha ki tilawat ke saath.
[Sahih ibn Khuzaima j. 1 page 237]
aur sayadna ubada bin samat rz se SUNAN DARQUTANI J. 1 PAGE 322 me bhi aisa hi hai.
4.Sayadna Abu Hurairah rz rawi hai ke Nabi saw ne farmaya: ke JIS NE NAMAZ PADHI AUR ISME SURAH FATIHA NA PADHI TO USKI NAMAZ NAAQIS HAI,
TEEN BAAR FARMAYA, PURI NAHI,
SAYADNA ABU HURAIRA RZ SE KAHA GAY KE HUM IMAMM KE PEECHE HOT HAI TO?
AAP NE FARMAYA AAHISTA PADHA KARO KYUNKI maine rasul saw se suna hai ke Allah tala ne farmaya namaz mere aur bande ke darmiyan aadhi taqseem hogai hai, aur meraj banda jo bhi maange ga use wahi milega.
Chunancha Banda jab
ALHAMDULILLAHI RABBIL AALAMIN kahta hai to
Allah tala kahte hian, Hamdani abdi (mere bande ne meri tarif ki) aur jab
AR RAHMANIR RAHIM kahta hai to
Allah kahta hai, (banda ne meri khubi aur buzurgi bayan ki aur kabhi farmata hai ke banda ne apne kamo ko mere supurd kar diya) phir jab wo
IYYA KANA BUDU WAIYYA KANASTAIN, kahta hai to
Allah farmata hai. (ye mere aur bande ke beech hai aur mere banda ko jo wo mange mile ga.) aur jab wo
IHDINAS SIRAATAL MUSTAQIM …….. walazzuwaalin. kahta hai to
Allah tala farmata hai ye mere bande ke liye hai aur jo wo mange ise wahi milega.
[Sahih Muslim, kitabu salat baab wajoob qirat fatiha… Hadis 878]
5.Sayadna Abu Huraira rz farmate hain ke Rasul saw ne farmaya ke jis ne namaz padhi aur isme surah fatiha na padhi to iski namaz Naaqis hai Naaqis hai Naaqis hai puri namaz nahi.
[Abu Dawood, H. 821,]
[Muwatta Imam Malik aur Nasawi H. 910]
6.Sayadna Abu Huraira rz Rawi hai ke Rasul saw ne farmaya ke "Namaz jayaz nahi jisme surah fatiha na padhi jaaye (Sayadna Abu huraira rz kahte hain) maine kaha agar main imam ke peecho hoo?
Abu Huraira rz kahte hai ke mera hath aap ne pakad liya aur farmaya ke apne NAFS (JEE) me padha kar.
[Sahih ibn Hibba, H. 1786,] wa
[Mawariduz Zamaan Page 126 H. 457]
7.Sayadna Abu Uuraira razi Rawi hai ke Rasul saw ne farmaya ke "har namaz jisme surah fatiha na padhi jaye wo naaqis hai puri nahi hai" maine kaha ke agar main imam ke peeche (namaz padh raha) hoo to? Aap saw ne mera haath pakad kar farmaya aye farsi aahista padha karo.
[Masnad abu Awwana j. 2page 127]
8.Sayadna Abu Huraira rz se
Masnad Ahmedl j. 2 page 290, isnad hasan,
Arwal galil j. 2 page 281 aur
kitabul Qirat Behqi Page 33 me bhi yahi hai ke jiska mafhoom hai ke jis shaks ne namaz padhi aur isme surah fatiha na padhi to iski namaz naaqis hai.
9.Ummul Momineen Hazrat Aaisha rz bayan karti hain ke maine Rasul saw ko ye kahte suna ke aap farma rahe the ke har namaz jisme ummul quran na padhi jaye wo naaqis hai,
[Ibn Maja, Baab Qirat khalful Imam, H. 840],
[Masnad Ahmed j. 6, page 142],
[Tabrani Sagir j. 1 page 164 H. 257]
[Kitabul Beheqi Page 37]
[tabrani ausat j. 8 page 206, H. 7422]
Imam ke peeche SURAH FATIHA PADHNA YA PADHHANA (QAULAN YA FALAN) IN SAHABA KIRAM RZ SE SAABIT HAI “qaulan wa fa’lan”
1.Sayadna ABU HURAIRAH RZ.
[Sahih Muslim:395,)
[Juzz Qiratul Bukhari: 73, 283]
2.Sayadna UBADAH BIN SAAMAT RZ
[Musannaf ibn Abi Shiba 1/375, H. 3770,]
[AHSANUL KALAM J. 2, PAGE 142]
3.Sayadna UMAR IBN KHATTAB RZ.
[mastadrak haakim 1/239 H. 873] wa
[Sahayaul Haakim wa Fiqha Zebhi]
4.Sayadna ABU SAEED KHADRI RZ.
[Juzz Qirat: 57, 105] wa
[Hasna Nemwi Taqlidi fi Haashiya Aasarus Sanan: 358]
5.Sayadna JAABIR RZ.
[Sunan ibn Maaja: 843] wa
[Qaala Buseri: Haza isnad sahih)
6.Sayadna ABDULLAH BIN ABBAS RZ.
[mussanaf ibn abi sheba 1/375, H. 3773], wa
[Sahiyal Behqi fi Qitab Qirat: 436]
7.Sayadna ANAS BIN MALIK RZ.
[Kitab Qirat Beheqi: 231 Sanad Hasan]
8.Sayadna ABDULLAH BIN UMRO BIN AL-AAS
[sunan kubra beheqi: 215 Waqala Saza isnad Sahih]
9.Sayadna ABI BIN KA’AB RZ.
[Juzz Qirat: 52 Sanad Hasan)
10.Sayadna ABDULLAH BIN UMR RZ.
[Sahih ibn Khuzaima j. 1, Page 287, H. 572)
11.Sayadna ABDULLAH BIN MASOOD RZ.
[kitabus Saqaat ibn Hibban 5/58)
Note: inke muqable me kisi sahabi se fathiha khalful imam ki manaai saabit nahi, sirf sayadna jabir rz ka ek qaul hai ke
“jisne surah fatiha ke bagair ek rakat padhi to iski namaz nahi hui, illa ke imam ke peeche ho” [Muwatta Imam Malik, Sunan Tirmizi j. 1 page 71]
YE QAUL KHUD Sayadna Jabir rz ke apne qaul wa amal ke mukhalif hone ki waja se mansookh hai. aur jin aasaar me imam ke saath qirat se mana kiya gaya hai, unse muraad ye hai ke
IMAM KE SAATH JAHRI QIRAT NA KI JAYE, rahi fathi khalful imam ki sirri (khamoshi se) to ye in aasaar ki roo se mana nahi hai.
TABAEEN KIRAM RZA. se FATIHA KHALFUL IMAM KA SABOOT
darj zail tabaeen izzam rah. ajmain se FATIHA KHALFUL IMAM (YANI IMAM KE PEECHE SURAH FATIHA PADHNA QAULAN YA FELAN) SAABIT HAI.
1.SAEEF BIN JABEER RA.
[Juzz Qirat: 273, hasan: kitab Qiraat: 237]
2.Hasan basri ra.
[Kitab Qiraat: 242]
[Sunan Kubra Beheqi 2/171, sanad sahih]
3.AAMIR SHABAI RA.
[Musannaf ibn Abi Sheba 1/374, 375, H. 3772, 3764 Sanad Sahih]
4.UBAIDULLAH BIN ABDULLA UTBA RA.
[Musannaf ibn Abi Sheba 1/373, H. 3772 Sanad Sahih]
5.ABU MALEEH USAMA BIN UMAIR RA.
[Musannaf ibn Abi Sheba 1/375, H. 3768, Sanad Sahih]
6.URWAAH BIN ZUBAIR RAH.
[Muwattaf Imam Malik, 1/85, H. 186 Sanad Sahih)
7.QAASIM BIN MOHAMMED ABI BAKR RA.
[Muwatta imam Malik 1/85, H. 187 Sanad Sahih]
8.NAAFE bin JABEER BIN MUT’AM RA.
[Muwatta Imam Malik 1/85 H. 187 Sanad Sahih]
9.HUKM BIN UTAIBA RA.
[Musannaf ibn Abi Sheba 1/374, h. 3766]
10.MAHKOOL RA.
[Kitab Qiraat: 246, Sanad Hasan]
MASHOOR MOHADDIS IMAM TIRMIZI RA NE FATIHA KHALFUL IMAM KE BARE ME LIKHA HAI:
AUR (fatiha khalful imam ki) is hadis par imam ke peeche qirat karne me aksar sahaba aur tabaeen ka amal hai” (j. 1, page 70-71, H. 311, ma’a urf shazi).
IMAM AHMED BIN HAMBAL RA. AUR QIRAT: IMAM ahmed bin hambal ra ka fatwa pesh kiya jata hai ke wo imam ke peeche surah fatiha wali ubada r ki hadis ki taweel karte hain ke ye munfard ke liye hai. iske bawajood farmate hain: Yani ikhtiyar kiya imam ahmed bin hambal ne bawajood is taweel ke qirat khalful imam ko aur ye ke na chhorde koi shaks surah fatiha ko agarcha imam ke peeche ho. allama aini ne sharah bukhari 3/64 par imam ahmed ra ke nazdik qirat khalful imam ko lazim qarar diya hai.
[Jame Tirmizi, Kitabus Salat: jild 1).
FATIHA KHALFUL IMAM PAR
HANAFIYON KE dalail aur jawab surah fatiha padhne ke
1- Hazrat Bashir bin Jabir farmate hain ke hazrat abdullah bin masood rz ne namaz padhi aur chand aadmiyon ko imam ke saath qirat karte suna jab aap namaz se faarigh hue to farmaya ke kiya wo waqt abhi nahi aya ke tum samajh aur aqal se kaam lo, jab quran karim ki qirat hoti hai to tum iski taraf tawajja karo aur khamosh raho jaisa ke allah ne tumhe hukm diya hai.
[Tafsir Tabri. j. 9 Page 110]
JAWAB:
Pahli Baat: iski sanad me muharbi (abdur rahman bin mohammed) hai jo saqa wa sadooq hai magar mudallis haij jaisa ke uqaili, imam ujali aur hafiz ibn hajar ne sarahat ki hai.
[Tahzib, j. 6 page 266], wa
[Taqrib 319, tabqaat mudallisin page 40] iski waja se ye zaeef hai.
Dusri Baat: riwayat ke alfaz saamne hai ke PADHNE WAALO NE BULAND (ZOR ya unchi) AAWAAZ SE PDHA THA, logo ko qirat karte suna, SUNA TAB HI JATA HAI JAB BULAND AWAAZ SE PADHA JAAYE, AUR buland awaz se nahi padhna chahiye.
2. Hazrat ibn Abbas rz se WAIZA QURAL QURAN ….. ke mutalliq marwi hai ke ye farz namaz ke bare me naazil hui hai.
[Kitabul Qirat Beheqi Page 88]
JAWAB:
Pahli Baat: farz namaz k kis rukn ke mutalliq nazil hui hai, imam ke bare me ya muqtadi ke haq me, riwayat me iska tazkira nahi hai.
Dusri Baat: sanad bhi zaif hai, isme rawi abdullah bin aaleh mutakallim fiya hai. hafiz ibn hajar farmate hai. sadooq kasirul galat
[Taqrib p. 177] aur
imam nasai aur ibn madini, saaleh bin mohammed aur imam ahmed ne is par JARAH ki hai.
[Tahzib j. 5, Page 258],
[Meezan j. 2 page 440] aur
Allama Mardini ne (Al Johar naqi j. 1. page 309) me ise zaif qarar diya.
Teesri Baat: iska matan bhi mahal-e-nazar hai kyunki surah aaraf nabuwwat ke daswein saal nazil hui thi jaisa ke majm’al absaar j. 2 page 530) me hai. halanki NAMAAZ nabuwwat ke barawhein saal meraaj ki raat farz hui thi.
3. HAZRAT Abdullah bin Umar rz farmate hain ke bani israil ke imam jab qirat karte to bani israil inki majawabat karte the, Allah ne ye kaam is ummat ke liye napasand farmaya aur irshad farmaya ke jab quran padha jaye to iski taraf kaan lagaye raho aur chup raho. (durr-e-mansur, j.3 page 156)
JAWAB:
Pahli Baat: majawabat karte the. iska lagwi maani aata hai. KE INKO JAWAAB DETE THE. jaisa aajkal mushairah me koi shayar ke sher sun kar use daad di jati hai. aur phir tarjuma se hanfiyon ka maslak kis tarah waazeh hota hai kyunki tarjuma me bhi baat waazeh nahi.
Dusri Baat: durr-e-mansoor me ye riwayat abu shaikh se naqal ki gai hai ye kitab maroof nahi hai JO IS RIWAYAT KI SEHAT KA MUDDAI HAI USE ISKI SAHIH SANAD PESH KARNA HOGA.
4. Hazrat Abdullah bin Maghfarl rz aayat WAIZA QURAL QURANA… ke mutalliq farmate hain ke ye namaz ke bare me nazil hui hai. (kitab qirat beheqi page 87)
JAWAB:
Pahli Baat: imam beheqi ra ne is riwayat par aage JARAH bhi ki hai ke iski sanad me hisham bin ziyad rawi hai jis par sanad mukhtalif hogai hai aur ye khud lais bilqawa hai
[qirat pag e87] ise
Abdullah bin Ahmed,
Abu Zara’a, ibn Muee,
Abu Hatim, Darqutani,
ibn Saeed,
Ujali,
Yaqoob bin Sufiyan ne ZAEEF qarar diya hai.
Imam Bukhari farmate hain ke is par kalam kiya gaya hai,
Abu Dawood farmate hain gair saqa hai, tirmizi kahte hain iski tazeef ki gai hai.
Nasai aur IZDI matrook kahte hain, imam abul walid iske hamsaya the wo farmate hain ke hafz manqari se isne hasan basri ki kitab li thi aur is se imam hasan baseri se riwayat karta hai hai.
[matlab in se sama’a (sunna) saabit nahi] aur iski hasan basri se riwayat munkir hain.
Imam ibn Hibban farmate hain saqat se mangarat aur wazai riwayat naqal karta hai. IS SE AHTEJAJ KARNA JAYAZ NAHI
[Tahzib j. 1 Page 39, Meezan j. 4, Page 298]
Dusri Baat: iski sanad aur matan me bhi iztirab hai jaisa ke imam beheqi ne kitab qirat me tafsil darj ki hai, matlab ye riwayat zaeef wa muztarab hai. IMAM KE PEECHE SURAH FATIHA PADHNE KE KE BARE ME HANAFIYON SE SAWAL sirf ek hadis aur farman-e-rasul saw dikha dein ke rasul saw ne farmaya ho “JO IMAM KE PEECHE SURAH FATIHA NA PADHE ISKI NAMAZ HO JATI HAI”.
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